Lock-up
A lock-up is when a wheel stops rotating under braking and slides, scrubbing a flat patch into the tyre.
Also called flat spot
The immediate cost is the corner — a locked wheel has no steering authority, so the car goes straight on. The lasting cost is the flat spot, which puts a vibration through the car that can be severe enough to force an unplanned pit stop.
The telltale is a puff of tyre smoke under braking, usually at the end of a long straight where a driver has arrived too fast or been caught out by a cold tyre.