Penalty points
Penalty points are added to a driver's licence for driving offences, and accumulating twelve within twelve months brings a one-race ban.
They are issued alongside whatever sporting penalty an incident earns, so a five-second penalty for causing a collision typically also carries two points.
They expire on a rolling basis twelve months after the race that produced them, which is why a driver's total can fall without them doing anything. Reaching the twelve is rare and is treated as a serious matter when it happens.
